Do You Know The Legend Of Ci Wara - 850 Words

Do you know the legend of Ci Wara? Ci Wara is a mythical creature that has the feature of half-human and half-antelope, who first introduced humanity how to cultivate the earth. The education of agriculture from Ci Wara brought great influence to a Mande people living in West African of Mali who were called Bamana people during 17th Century. Bamana people are well known as the best of agricultural society who still practice their traditional ritual. One of the significant creation of art works from Bamana people, is headdresses those were also called Ci Wara. Bamana people used headdresses for ceremony during the harvesting period in order to praise completion of agriculture. The headdresses and the ceremonial performance symbolize the spiritual belief of Bamana people who think all objects including animals, plants and non-imagery objects lived among sprits. In this research paper, the significant roles of the headdresses, Ci Wara, and impact of the creature, Ci Wara, to Ba mana people will be explained through their the traditional and cultural value of art works. So here is the legend and the story of Ci Wara. Before, Ci Wara, the creature, introduced agriculture to Bamana people, humanity traveled and hunted for foods to place to place to find without having permanent residence. The mythical creature, Ci Wara, meaning farming wild beast, felt deep sympathy from humanity for struggling to hunt for foods. Ci Wara thought Bamana people the proper way of

Sarty’s Point of View Essay Example For Students

Sarty’s Point of View Essay Sartys Point of ViewWilliam Faulkner elected to write Barn Burning from his young character Sartys perspective because his sense of morality and decency would present a more plausible conflict in this story. Abner Snopes inability to feel the level of remorse needed to generate a truly moral predicament in this story, sheds light on Sartys efforts to overcome the constant pull of blood(277) that forces him to remain loyal to his father. As a result, this reveals the hidden contempt and fear Sarty has developed over the years because of Abners behavior. Sartys struggle to maintain an understanding of morality while clinging to the fading idolization of a father he fears, sets the tone for a chain of events that results in his liberation from Abners destructive defiance-but at a costly price. Sartys dilemma arises from his fathers destructive envy of his wealthy employers. Abner Snopes frustration with being a poor sharecropper owned body and soul(280) by the Souths rich and elite leads him to exact his revenge on the undeserving blue bloods in the only way he knows how-by burning down their barns. While Sartys loyalty to Abner is proven after a court hearing held by his fathers enemy . . . our enemy . . .ourn! mine and hisn both,(277) after which he challenges and is beaten by a boy half again his size(278) because the boy called his father a barn burner(278) he is left to make a critical decision between saving his family or his own morality. What prompts Sarty to betray his own moral character is his fear of Abner, who he describes as the black, flat, and bloodless . . . voice harsh like tin and without heat like tin(279). Time and again, Sarty has witnessed Abners propensity for inflicting fiery devastation upon wealthy people like Mr. Harris in a warped attempt to even the score. He is even more afraid of losing his fathers trust after Abner hits him hard but with out heat(280) not for telling the truth, but for wanting to. Sarty is conscious of the fact that if Abner knew his desire for truth, justice, he would have hit(280) him again and that Abners recommendation that he learn to stick to his own blood or you aint going to have any blood to stick to you(280) is more of a threat rather than fatherly advice. Sarty learns to stifle any qualms he has and overlook his own developing morals in order to defend his fathers cold-blooded attacks. In the face of Abners outrage and savagery and lust(286) and the ever-present co nflict these emotional outbursts cause, Sartys sense of obligation to his father out weighs his desire to run on and on and never look back(286). He hopes being forced out of town will transform the side of Abner that possesses an inherent ly voracious prodigality with material not his own(279) and he will be satisfied once and for all. As father and son walk within sight of an impressive manor big as a courthouse(280) owned by Major de Spain, a wealthy landowner with whom Abner has struck a deal to farm corn on his land, Sarty knows at once that they are safe from him(280). His fathers ravening(281) envy could not possibly touch these people whose lives are part of this peace and dignity(281). But, Abner is seething with jealous rage(281) at the sight of the de Spain manor and once again, Sarty sees that familiar quality of something . . . ruthless . . . depthless(281) emerge. Sartys piece of mind falters as he witnesses Abner walking an undeviating course(281) towards the de Spain manor with horse manure steaming from his shoes and a ruthless(281) glint in his eyes. He worries that Abner will revert back to barn burning as a way to ease his anger at feeling inferior and defeated by the aristocratic society he been a slave to. Sartys ever-present optimism that his father will change makes the audience almost sympathetic to Abners ferocious conviction(279) that there is none more deserving of economic independence than him and his family. Sartys hope that starting over in a new town will transform Abner from what maybe he couldnt help

Panama Essays - Panama Canal, Panama, Republics,

Panama The official name of Panama is the Republic of Panama or (Rep?blica de Panam?). Panama is located on the narrowest and lowest part of the Isthmus of Panama that links North America and South America. This part of the isthmus is situated between 7? and 10? north latitude and 77? and 83? west longitude. Panama is slightly smaller than South Carolina, approximately 77,082 square kilometers. The countrys two coastlines are referred to as the Caribbean and Pacific, rather than the north and south coasts. To the east is Colombia and to the west Costa Rica. Pacific. Dominant features of their landform is highlands forming the continental divide. The higher elevations near borders with Costa Rica and Colombia. The highest point in the country is the Volc?n Bar? which rises to almost 3,500 meters. The lowest elevation is in the middle of the country where it is crossed by the Panama Canal. Most of the population is on the Pacific side of the divide. The population of the country is around 2.8 million with a growth rate of 1.5%. The racial and ethnic groups are 65% mestizo, 14% African descent, 10% Spanish descent, 10% Indian. The religion is 85% Roman Catholic, 5% Protestant, and 5% Islamic. Spanish is the official language, though United States influence and the canal zone reinforce the use of English as a second language. Panama's arts show its ethnic mix. Indian tribes, West Indian groups, mestizos, Chinese, Middle Eastern, Swiss, Yugoslav and North American immigrants have all offer contributed ingredients to the culture. Traditional arts are woodcarving, weaving, ceramics and mask-making. The capital city is Panama City with major cities of Colon, Bocas del Toro, Potobelo, El porvenir, Santiago, Tocumen, La Palma, David, Balboa, and el Dorado. Political culture traditionally characterized by personalism, the tendency to give one's political loyalties to an individual rather than to a party. Politics from 1968 until his death in 1981 dominated by General Omar Torrijos Herrera, Their form of government is Executive under provisions of their 1972 Constitution, as amended in 1978 and 1983. The chief executive is president of the republic, he is assisted by two vice presidents, all elected by popular vote for five-year terms. The unit of currency is the Balboa which is equal to the United States dollar. Balboas are available only in coins. Almost 500 rivers intertwine through Panama's landscape. Many of these rivers originated as swift highland streams. The R?o Chepo and the R?o Chagres are sources of hydroelectric power. The R?o Chagres is one of the longest and most vital of the 150 rivers that flow into the Caribbean. A part of this river was dammed to create Gatun Lake, which forms a major part of the transit route between the locks near each end of the canal. Panama has a tropical climate with high temperatures and humidity year round. Seasons determined by rainfall rather than by changes in temperature. The country is divided into nine provinces, plus the Comarca de San Blas, which is treated as part of Col?n Province. The provincial borders have not changed since they were determined at independence in 1903. The provinces are divided into districts, which in turn are subdivided into sections called corregimientos. The country claims the seabed of the continental shelf, which has been defined by Panama. In addition, a 1958 law asserts jurisdiction over 12 nautical miles from the coastlines, and in 1968the government announced a claim to a 200-nautical-mile Exclusive Economic Zone. The major port on the Pacific coastline is Balboa. The principal islands are Archipi?lago de las Perlas in the middle of the Gulf of Panama, the penal colony, and the island of Taboga, a tourist attraction that can be seen from Panama City. In all, there are some 1,000 islands off the Pacific coast. The Pacific coastal waters are extraordinarily shallow. Depths of 180 meters are reached only outside the perimeters of both the Gulf of Panama and the Golfo de Chiriqu?, and wide mud flats extend up to 70 kilometers from the coastlines. As a result, the tidal range is outrageous. A difference of about 70 centimeters between high and low water on the Caribbean coast contrasts sharply with over 700 centimeters on

Dave A Scandal in the White House essays

Dave A Scandal in the White House essays Dave: A Scandal in the White House The President of the United States is regarded as a leader and a role model to the nation. However, many people associate him with scandal and a bad reputation of dishonesty. Hollywood often portrays the role of the presidency in movies and television shows. Some of these portrayals are fictional, but some are accurate. Dave is a movie, starring Kevin Kline as the President and his double that shows a scandal in the White House. They are trying to show how the American people view the President and his actions. Dave shows the overall role that the President has with some accurate details and some glamorized ones of the presidency. Dave is a movie in which the Secret Service finds a double for the President who ends up acting as President while the real one is in a coma. Dave Kovich, the acting President, goes from being a person that finds jobs for people to being the President before he realizes what is going on. He assumes the duties of the President until the White House chief of staff, Bob Alexander, takes the scandal too far and Dave fires him. To cover up the scandal without getting caught, Dave pretends to have a stroke in order to switch the real president and allow the real Bill Mitchell to finally die and the Vice President to take over. The Vice President had not taken over before now because Bob Alexander was trying to get him kicked out of office by blaming him for a previous S Many of the events in the movie are accurate. The daily actions that Dave has as President show some of the tasks of the presidency. After taking over the job, Dave has to learn the members of the Cabinet and his staff. These are the people that he works with everyday to run the White House and the country, so he has to know who he is working with and what each of them do. He also had to learn about the budget and ho...

The difference between Islamic and conventional Banks Research Paper

The difference between Islamic and conventional Banks - Research Paper Example Financial scholars have surpassed lasting ambiguous loan contracts practiced by drawing attention of the financial world to the benefits presented by bank products that meet the requirements of Sharia. Most of these products conform to religious backgrounds of the local people; and hence turn out to be attractive to wide fragments of the population in need of financial services they can identify with their cultural beliefs and way of life. Despite these existing trends, little academic evidence and research on the functioning of Islamic banks is recorded. Since its establishment in 1970, Islamic banking has witnessed a significant growth. With the establishment of its operational foundations a few decades ago, the banking model acted as a major vehicle that offer products similar to convenient banks. Numerous academic research and literature have gone further to establish the viability of these types of banks in dealing with finances. It is also evident that the last few decades the banking model has been characterized by an increase in its financial institutions that are spread in all continents. Most importantly financial institutions, in Europe and Asia, operate on Islamic windows and thus provide a convenient banking framework to their clients. Therefore, this paper describes some of the common differences between Islamic and conventional banks (Ali, 2005). Despite the fact that there is growing interest on Islamic banking and Islamic finance literature, a few academic papers about the subjects exist. A policy research working paper by Beck, Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt & Merrouche (2010), confirms that there is a deficiency of academic work highlighting Islam finance trends. This trend contrasts with the increased importance played by Islamic banking in a majority of Muslim countries across Asia and Africa. Based on the details presented, this paper will, hopefully, contribute to the rising literature

System Software and Network Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

System Software and Network Security - Essay Example The cloud computing has been surrounded by much hype as well as marketing strategies of how the IT infrastructure will eventually be placed in the â€Å"Cloud† if one needs to keep at pace with the technological advances. It’s widely acceptable that there is a wide array of benefits accruing from cloud computing. This includes fast deployment, scalability, business agility, and lower costs (Hurwitz, 2009). Despite these accruing benefits, there is a great danger to a cloud customer. With new providers emerging each day offering the cloud based services, this makes it very difficult for future cloud adopters to undertake due diligence and proper evaluation of the options. Whenever the company decides on the type of cloud (public, private, hybrid) (Furht, 2010) as well as the cloud service(IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) which best suits its specific infrastructure and the business needs, the next major task should be to choose the one specific vendor who is able to provide the above s ervices putting into consideration both cost and performance. At the moment there are no universal standards with which a user can use to evaluate the different cloud service providers which make the entire process quite challenging. Nevertheless there are a few guidelines that a company should put in place before deciding on the best cloud service provider. Most common reasons why companies are being drawn to this type of cloud service is that it offers good choice for companies having complex applications running on the company-owned hardware infrastructure. The companies’ further benefit by avoiding the upfront capital hardware investments since this... The paper tells that most common reasons why companies are being drawn to this type of cloud service is that it offers good choice for companies having complex applications running on the company-owned hardware infrastructure. The companies’ further benefit by avoiding the upfront capital hardware investments since this particular model is based on the pay-per-use model. Before transferring parts or the entire IT infrastructure to the cloud, companies need to state down the specific service requirements the company needs in terms of support, security, monitoring. Required Storage Space: You need to put into consideration the space you require while you are marketing for a cloud storage provider. This helps you calculate the true cost per GB and this will assist in choosing the best provider as well as the best plan that actually fits your business needs at the most affordable price. If the storage space is a limited one, there are a number of free cloud storage services availa ble and can offer anywhere between 1GB to 500GBs. Pricing: this is always another important consideration. Care should be taken when choosing not only the actual price but also the best pricing model. One need to check if the provider offers the pay as you go plans or the fixed price plans. Compatibility: this is also an important factor to consider. You need to establish the number as well as the various types of platforms that the various providers support. This is very important especially if you will be accessing your files using a variety of different devices and platforms.

Bravery And Heroism Essay

Bravery And Heroism Essay Introduction: Humans have been attracted by tales of bravery, heroism, courage from time immemorial. It is something in out bent of mind which makes us admire the absurd, makes us stand up take note of something which on the first look looks crazy, but on further analysis throws up a story of grit and determination. It is this human infatuation with the macho persona that made psychologists behavioral scientists delve deeper into the behavioral attribute which mirrors this all: bravery. Bravery can be simply defined as being brave or possessing displaying courage. In heroic parlance, its being able to face deal with danger or fear without flinching or batting an eyelid. Also known as Courage, fortitude, will, and intrepidity its been associated with various characters both in mythology business parlance. But its not just their domain; the common man in his life time comes across various such situations more often than not displays varying degrees of bravery grit. It is this common man that I am interested in. Being brave doesnt mean being fearless it rather means a person does what he should do, despite the literal Damocles sword on your head. It is not much for human fancy but for the very fact that bravery is an attribute very necessary for the smooth functioning of the human world today, has heightened its importance for psychologists. You take the case of a policeman standing up to criminals, naxals, or the common man in an office refusing bribes or the case of a woman braving chauvinistic males to rise up the corporate ladder, in all these cases we find how the world survives because of a few individuals who find inherent courage to brave odds and emerge successful. It suffices to say that bravery as a behavioral trait is highly alluring, and people tend to look in awe at those who visibly possess it, but what we should realize is bravery is something which is inherent comes in differing forms origins; hence its study has to encompass all such factors. Bravery in its various forms after all keeps us going, keeps this world inhabitable. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Bravery is a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear, but one often misconceived notion of people is that being brave means being fearless. Being brave doesnt me you dont fear the adversity; it means you have the strength of will to overcome whatever fear you have. Bravery as a concept can apply to a fairly large number of instances, therefore a quick classification of bravery will help us look at its various aspects in greater detail: Physical bravery: It entails acting or doing something in spite of possible harm that can occur to ones body. The heroic stories of the past or the instances where we act for our beliefs even in the face of physical danger are a typical example of this. Moral bravery: It involves acting in a manner that will enhance or reinforce ones beliefs to be good and true. This basically is in face of social disapproval and other forms of backlash. In todays world, it symbolizes standing up against the over jealous khaps or the moral police. Psychological bravery: It deals with acting against ones own natural urges inclinations, facing our inner demons overcoming them. This generally doesnt have any societal moral implication. Examples of this can be overcoming ones addictions like drugs, tobacco addictions etc.; getting over irrational anxieties forms of parasitic relationships. Basing on the above we reach at a working definition of bravery as: Bravery is a behavioral trait which allows us to overcome our inhibitions, our inner fears gives us the strength to do what we feel is right, irrespective of any form of backlash. It is something which imbibes in us a sense of self-belief which can make us scale mountains do things which we believed we never could. Review of Literature: Instances of bravery have been documented in various books relating to wars corporate moves. Number the stars which won the Newbery Medal in 1990, tells the story of two ten year old girls, whose homeland is occupied by Nazi Germany during the second world war, it documents the hardships they faced the courage shown by their parents in shielding one of them(who was a jew) from the nazis. Broadly it describes the condition of the entire Danish countryside. It is a story of grit determination shown in face of unfathomable risk. [1] In the corporate world we have the example of Citibank CEO Vikram Pandit. He is a true visionary, brave man who took over as the head of citi group during the credit crunch period. With steely resolve, Pandit wrote down billions of dollars, closed scores of branches, jettisoned parts of the business, cut dividends, and slashed jobs. He wasnt done yet. Next, he tapped the sovereign wealth funds in the Gulf and Asia for nearly $30 billion, set up a new risk-management team. He also cut the banks exposure to the risky sub-prime market. All these measures were never easy to take, some unpopular others highly risky, it needed a man of steely character, Mr. Pandit was just that. [2] Matterhorn, is about a company of Marines who build, abandon, and retake an outpost on a remote hilltop in Vietnam. The story is told from the point of view of a young second lieutenant, Mellas, who joined the Marines for confused and vaguely patriotic reasons that are quickly left in tatters by military incompetence.[3] One of the ten most famous battles of the world. A handful of Sikh soldiers- 21 to be exact of the 4th Battalion of the Sikh Regiment (then XXXVI Sikh) formed part of the British Indian Army and fought thousands of Pathans in the North Western Frontier Province (now Pakistan). All 21 Sikh soldiers died in the battle as they fought to the last man and last bullet; but they did not yield even an inch of ground that they were defending. On learning of this glorious, gallant and unparalleled action, members of both houses of the British Parliament rose in unison to pay homage to the great Indian soldiers. Each one of the 21 soldiers was posthumously awarded the Indian Order of Merit, the highest British gallantry award then given to Indian (equivalent to the Victoria Cross awarded to the British). [4] Courage (shauriya) appears as one of the ten characteristics (lakshana) of dharma in the Hindu Manusmruti. Islam also presents courage as an important factor in facing the Devil and in some cases Jihad to a lesser extent. Courage is the self-affirmation of being in spite of the fact of non-being. It is the act of the individual self in taking the anxiety of non-being upon itself by affirming itself in the anxiety of guilt and condemnation. Every courage to be has openly or covertly a religious root. For religion is the state of being grasped by the power of being itself. [5] Empirical Study and Generalization: I have followed the interview approach to study the behavioral traits of a few of my friends. I picked the people to interview on the basis of a few past events, in which they exhibited bravery in one form or another. Each interviewee had a different tale to tell, we will analyze their cases as we progress. The basic questions which I put to them involved a gamut of objective short answer questions. Their responses were dully noted. The following is the list of questions that I put to my interviewees, some of the questions differed in language when put to different interviewees. Due to paucity of space I wont delve into the details of their cases. Did you experience any form of an internal drive to act? Was it because of the closeness with the person or was it a general sense of wrongdoing that drove you? Were you certain of success before you acted upon your belief? Would you describe yourself as fearless? If no then how come you overcame the fear of failing? Did you factor in the possibility of a backlash or any negative impact on your future? If you knew that the party was wrong in picking up the fight would you have still saved them or would you have taken the moral high ground stepped back? Do you believe in taking risks? Do you think your above trait has had an influence on your life, (success or the lack of it etc.)? When going on a leisure trip you find a person seriously wounded people around him/her having a verbal duel, would you rush him/her to the hospital try to solve the verbal duel 1st mind you own business Respondent no. 1 Case Prologue: My friend Mr. X had been to a restaurant in Gurgaon along with his friends. There they saw a couple was being denied entry into the restaurant for no good reason and the manager was even misbehaving with them. All of a sudden the manager summoned the bouncers who manhandled the couple and were going to bash them up. My friend X, along with his pals interfered, they were outnumbered, but eventually they managed to save the couple. In the process though, X got a few blows was injured. Interview Findings: I will jot down the pertinent findings from the interview with Mr. X I found that X intervened to save that guy because he believed that it was a case of injustice that someone should rise up to the occasion, since such an incident can happen to nearly anyone. X didnt know if he would succeed in saving the couple, but he knew if he tried it would make a difference. X realized that in process of rescuing the couple he his friends might get physically injured or face legal hurdles. I found that X didnt think of himself as someone who was born fearless, X believed that his sense of right wrong egged him on. X was basically a risk taking person, he felt that his risk taking nature had helped him overcome his inner demons. Respondent no. 2 Case Prologue: This person, Mr. Y, was a student of engineering, in a NIT. In his final year, a friend of his (Mr. A) was accused of cyber-crime data theft, he was heavily penalized by the institute Disciplinary Committee. Mr. Y along with his other friends decided to protest this. They managed to get their entire batch together sat on a silent protest. The sheer magnitude of the protest made the Director of the institute take note. After speaking with Mr. Y his friends, he convened a meeting of the Disciplinary Committee, and after a long-stretched process of reinvestigation Mr. A was found guilty of a minor offence, the penalties were reduced proportionately. Interview Findings: The following are my findings from my interview with Mr. Y which are pertinent to us: I found that Y acted not just because he could empathize with his friend, but because he believed that the ruling was flawed, having not considered the evidences properly. Y didnt know if he could make any difference to his friends condition, but he wanted to make the college administration aware of the real case. He believed in a just trial. Mr. Y knew pretty well that by making a stand, he and his friends risked being singled out the college administration could victimize them through unfair gradation etc. but they went on with their plan. Mr. Y defended his friend since he knew that the case against him was amplified in nature, the punishments the charges were disproportionate. Had Mr. A actually been guilty of all the charges, Y would never have taken up his case. Mr. Y believed that it they had been pushed to the limit by the administration. He felt that it wasnt their inherent fearlessness but the fact that pushed against the wall he his friends didnt have a choice but to act. I found that Mr. Y wasnt always a risk taking person, in fact he even narrated how not taking a risk had affected his career, but in this situation he made an exemption. Respondent no. 3: Case Prologue: My friend Mr. Z was out with his girlfriend, they came across a case of eve-teasing, wherein a bunch of miscreants were misbehaving with two girls. The general public was aloof to their plight. But Z intervened tried rescuing the girls, in the ensuing tiff Z got injured, but seeing his courage the people around the scene also intervened they chased away the miscreants. Interviewing Z was quite an eye-opener, since he had risked not just his own safety but also the safety of his girlfriend to rescue to unknown girls. The findings are as follows: I found that Z acted since he was both disgusted with the behavior of the bunch of guys, and the public which was turning a blind eye to the plight of the helpless girls. Z knew that public follows a herd mentality, he knew that if he took a stand the people around will follow sooner or later, luckily for him they joined in soon. Z wasnt sure if he could take on the miscreants single handedly but he nevertheless wanted to give it a try. Mr. Z knew that getting engulfed in this issue might risk not just his safety but that of his girlfriend also. Mr. Z believed that he was quite a fearless person, but he didnt believe in taking random risks, rather he was more of a pragmatist. Generalization: My interviews gave me an insight into the thinking process of the common man, who could don the colors of the superhero save the day for another commoner. In reality he wasnt someone of superhuman strength but someone who: Had a realistic sense of wrong right. Acted on his belief didnt shriek away from making a stand Wasnt by definition a risk loving person Was a person who factored in the pros cons of a situation, but invariably decided to back his beliefs Empathized with the person facing the repression. Findings of the study and Generalization: The findings of my study gave me a holistic idea of the situations which invoke behavioral traits mirroring bravery in us. I will analyze the findings of my study in the following lines, and try to relate it to the various aspects of bravery. After going through the responses, I found that the most prevalent forms of bravery are Physical Bravery Moral Bravery Psychological Bravery though important is something which I didnt directly find in any of my test subjects, but I believe that this form of bravery is something which we all exhibit in our daily lives. When we get over the anxiety of the future, we in some forms exhibit this, when we get over our fear of water try to swim we exhibit this. On basis of my interview the following components of bravery came up: Empathy: The test subjects realized the pain stigma that the party being subjected to repression underwent; their empathy drove them to act. It wasnt sympathy or pity; it rather was the tacit realization that such a misfortune can beset them also. Clarity of thought: I found that in all of the cases, the respondents had a clear picture of what is right what is wrong; they took the initiative because they believed that the other person was being wronged. Self-belief/Confidence: All the respondents were to some degree or the other confident of their abilities. They believed in themselves hence backed themselves up. It was never a half-hearted attempt. Risk appetite: I found that the risk taking ability of the person didnt have a direct correlation with his readiness to exhibit acts of bravery. Hence this shatters the age old belief that brave people are those who are most comfortable with taking risks. Fearlessness: Though important, I found that being brave doesnt mean being fearless, its just that certain situations bring about a reaction in the subjects which makes them appear fearless. But its just the strength of their inner conviction, not fearlessness which makes them act. Pragmatism: I found that todays brave were practical about the approach they followed, they measured the pros cons of the situation and acted in a manner which would ensure the success of their mission best. They followed the more realistic path even if it were the less glamorous. Implication of Group work: As we can see, bravery or the lack of it influences the way a person behaves in public to a great extent. I believe when in a group the following implications arise: Groups tend to give the individual a sense of security, as in case of respondent 1, I think being in a group had its effect on his decision to act. A brave person, I feel is an asset to have in your team for he/she would be an ideal team-mate, one who is confident yet composed, one who is there to hold the group together in case of any external threat or danger. Brave individuals dont shriek away from taking the charge, making them ideal leaders. On an individual level I believe, being brave increases a persons appeal enhances scope for future benefits. Brave individuals are generally well known this in turn gets them their group the kind of visibility which can be leveraged for their benefit. One negative of an overtly brave individual maybe that he/she might get the group involved in a potentially unsafe situation, as in case of respondent 3, even though not a case of group behavior, Mr. Z could have unknowingly landed his girlfriend in trouble. Contribution to OB: The above study of bravery is one of its kind, having studied bravery in a qualitative basis I could arrive at working model to define bravery of a person. As can be seen I could find that there is a correlation between bravery a few other traits viz. Empathy Clarity of Thought Self-belief Pragmatism Using these above traits we can arrive at a bravery scale for a person, this could help various organizations like the police force or private security organizations etc. in their selection process. I believe a more detailed study which involves a greater number of people as its sample, can further clear the doubt regarding the fearlessness trait bravery. Also I feel a study can be undertaken to study psychological bravery in a select population like inhabitants of a drug rehabilitation camp etc. Conclusion: After having studied the behavioral trait of bravery in detail, after having considered its various forms manifestations, I realize that a lot of people exhibit it in their lives in varying proportions. Not every form of bravery is noticed, not every form of it documented, but starting from the woman who fends of eve-teasers to a corporate CEO who takes charge of a troubled giant in times of a downturn, we have brave people whose constant vigour zeal keeps the world running. Bravery is a highly preferred behavioral trait; it is something which keeps the world going. It is something that we seek in all the people around us, it is the difference between an entrepreneur a wannabe entrepreneur, and it is the key to achieve success in any form of activity in life. We can correlate the success of an idea to the amount of courage put in by its proponents, ceteris paribus. On the whole I can say the above study has helped me arrive at a definition of bravery which I feel encompasses most if not all aspects of it: Bravery is a behavioral trait which allows us to overcome our inhibitions, our inner fears gives us that strength of conviction to do what we feel is right, irrespective of any form of backlash. It manifests itself in face of physical, moral, psychological danger. Brave people have been instrumental in bringing about the greatest changes in our lives, I believe the likes of Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jack Welch, Winston Churchill were brave enough to face their demons succeed.